12.6 References
AASHTO (2025). Highway Safety Manual. 2nd Edition. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC.
Abbess CD, Jarrett D, & Wright CC (1981). Accidents at blackspots: Estimating the effectiveness of remedial treatment, with special reference to the ‘Regression-to-Mean’ effect. Traffic engineering and control 22 (1981): 535-542.
Austroads (2010). Road Safety Engineering Risk Assessment Part 2: Crash Risk Migration, Publication no: AP-T147-10. Sydney.
Austroads (2012). An Introductory Guide for Evaluating Effectiveness of Road Safety Treatments. Publication no: AP-R421-12. Sydney.
Boyle AJ & Wright CC (1984). Accident ‘migration’ after remedial treatment at accident blackspots. Traffic Engineering & Control, V25, N5, pp. 260-267.
FIA (2022). Occupant restraints: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners, second edition. FIA Foundation, London.
Gross F, Persaud B, and Lyon C (2010). A Guide to Developing Quality Crash Modification Factors. Report No. FHWA-SA-10-032. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
GRSP (2022). Drink driving: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners. Global Road Safety Partnership, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva.
GRSP (2023). Speed management: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners, second edition. Global Road Safety Partnership, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva.
Hauer E (1992). Empirical bayes approach to the estimation of ‘unsafety’: The multivariate regression method. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 24. 457-477.
Hauer E (1997). Observational Before/After Studies in Road Safety: Estimating the Effect of Highway and Traffic Engineering Measures on Road Safety. Emerald Publishing.
Hauer E & Byer P (1983). Bias-by-selection: the accuracy of an unbiased estimator. Accident Analysis & Prevention, V15, N5, pp.323-328.
ITF (2012). Sharing Road Safety: Developing an International Framework for Crash Modification Functions. ITF Research Reports, OECD Publishing, Paris.
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Maher MJ & Mountain LJ (1988). The identification of accident blackspots: a comparison of current methods. Accident Analysis & Prevention, V20, N2.
McKenna F (2010). Education in Road Safety: Are we getting it right? Report Number: 10/113. RAC Foundation, London.
Mountain L, Maher M, & Fawaz B (1998). Improved estimates of the safety effects of accident remedial schemes. Traffic Engineering and Control, vol. 30 no.10, pp. 554-8.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2022). Guidelines for the Development and Application of Crash Modification Factors. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
ITF (2023). Using Safety Performance Indicators to Improve Road Safety: The Case of Korea. International Transport Forum Policy Papers, No. 126, OECD Publishing, Paris.
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Radin Umar RS, Mackay GM, & Hills BL (1995). Preliminary analysis of motorcycle accidents: short term impacts of the running headlights campaign and regulation in Malaysia. Journal of Traffic Medicine.
SoW (2010). Washington State’s Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2010 – Zero Deaths | Zero Serious Injuries | 2030. State of Washington, Olympia, WA.
Turner B, Job S, & Mitra S (2020). Guide for Road Safety Interventions: Evidence of What Works and What Does Not Work. World Bank, Washington, DC.
Turner BM, Eichinger-Vill EM, El-Samra S, Adriazola-Steil C, & Burlacu FA (2024). Guide for Safe Speeds: Managing traffic speeds to save lives and improve liveability. World Bank & World Research Institute, Washington, DC.
Washington State, Washington State Target Zero Strategic Highway Safety Plan, p. 7 World Health Organization (2017).
WHO (2013). Strengthening road safety legislation: a practice and resource manual for countries. World Health Organisation, Geneva.
WHO (2022). Powered two-and three-wheeler safety: a road safety manual for decisionmakers and practitioners, second edition. World Health Organisation, Geneva.
WHO (2023). Helmets: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners, second edition. World Health Organisation, Geneva.
Wright CC & Boyle AJ (1987). Road accident causation and engineering treatment: a review of current issues. Traffic Engineering & Control, V28, N9, pp. 475-479.