APPENDIX 10.3 CRASH TABLES

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS- POSSIBLE ACTIONS

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: INTERSECTION - REAR-END

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Capacity	Head-on with turning vehicle	Are turning volumes heavy? Are through lanes blocked by turning vehicles? Is the intersection capacity adequate? calculate capacity, levels of service. check available gaps, delays, vehicle queues. are crashes occurring at rush hours? At traffic signals Is the signal timing adequate (length of each phase, necessity of an exclusive turning phase)? Is there an unusual signal sequence that may confuse drivers?
Protection Turning manoeuvres	Head-on with turning vehicle	Are vehicles completing non-priority turning manoeuvres separated from through vehicles?
Surface condition	Wet-surface crashes Single-vehicle crashes	Is skid resistance adequate? surface polishing, bleeding, contamination. Check for hazardous manoeuvres that may be related to surface deficiencies (potholes, waves, other deformations, water accumulation).
Drivers’ behaviour	Right-angle collisions, Head-on with turning vehicles	Are available sight distances sufficient to allow safe braking and manoeuvring at intersection? observe/measure available sight distances and compare with required sight distances (for all permitted and non-priority manoeuvres). check sight distances at possible ends of vehicle queues.
Sight distance	Right angle collisions Single vehicle crashes	Are available sight distances sufficient to allow safe braking and manoeuvring at intersection? observe/measure available sight distances and compare with required sight distances (for all permitted and non-priority manoeuvres). check sight distances at possible ends of vehicle queues.
Unexpected intersection	Right-angle collisions Single-vehicle crashes	Is the intersection conspicuous? Is the presence of the intersection coherent in the road environment? check for excessive speeds, late braking, brake marks.
Road access	Access-related crashes	Are crashes related to manoeuvres at access points near the intersection? Is the presence of the access expected (visibility, road category)? Is access geometry adequate (width, channelization, additional lane)?
Road lighting	Nighttime crashes	Are crashes occurring at night? Check for the presence and condition of the road lighting system (at night)
Presence of pedestrians or cyclists	Collisions with pedestrians or cyclists	Are crossing pedestrians/cyclists clearly visible? check for pedestrian/cyclist sight obstructions (parked or stopped vehicles, stands, etc.). check for pedestrian/cyclist compliance with traffic rules. check for related traffic conflicts.
Weather conditions	Crashes under adverse conditions (rain, fog, etc.)	Plan the site visit when adverse conditions are likely to be observed.

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: INTERSECTION - REAR-END

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS	REFERENCES
Capacity	Add turning lane and channelization. Prohibit turning manoeuvres. Change signal timing (exclusive turning lane).	Technical sheet: Intersections
Protection Turning manoeuvres	Add turning lane, channelization. Pave shoulders. Prohibit turning manoeuvres.
Surface condition	Proceed to superficial surface treatments (grooving, sand blasting, etc). Resurface. Improve drainage conditions. Correct structural deficiencies. Add warning sign (temporary measure).	Technical sheet: Road surface condition Technical study: Friction
Drivers’ behaviour	Increase visibility of stop signs/signal heads/intersection. Install advance-warning signs. Implement traffic-calming measures. Increase drivers’ education and police enforcement. Install surveillance cameras.	Technical study: Spot speed
Sight distance	Install warning signs/devices. Remove sight obstructions. Separate turning vehicles in exclusive lanes. Prohibit turning manoeuvres.	Technical sheet: Sight distance Technical study: Sight distance
Unexpected intersection	Increase intersection conspicuity through road signs, channelization, road lighting, landscaping; elimination of competing information (street parking, stands, advertising, etc.). Re-design intersection (e.g. roundabout). Close/relocate intersection.	Technical sheet: Intersections
Road access	Improve access geometry. Prohibit some access-related manoeuvres (median barrier, traffic island). Close/relocate access.
Road lighting	Install or improve road lighting.	Are crashes occurring at night? Check for the presence and condition of the road lighting system (at night)
Presence of pedestrians or cyclists	Improve pedestrian/cyclist visibility (crossing, parking prohibition, etc.). Separate pedestrians/cyclists and motorized traffic (traffic signal, exclusive phase, grade-separated crossing).	Technical study: Traffic count Technical study: Traffic conflicts
Weather conditions	Improve maintenance. Install warning signs (e.g. wind gusts, fog).

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: HEAD-ON WITH TURNING VEHICLE

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Capacity	Rear-end collisions	Are turning volumes heavy? Are through lanes blocked by turning vehicles? Is the intersection capacity adequate? calculate capacity, levels of service. check available gaps, delays, vehicle queues. are crashes occurring at rush hours? At traffic signals Is the signal timing adequate (length of each phase, necessity of an exclusive turning phase)? Is there an unusual signal sequence that may confuse drivers?
Protection Turning manoeuvres	Rear-end collisions	Are vehicles completing non-priority turning manoeuvres separated from through vehicles? Are turning drivers hurrying their manoeuvres to avoid approaching vehicles from behind?
Drivers’ behaviour	Rear-end collisions Right-angle collisions	Check for short gap acceptance, red light running or excessive speed May turning drivers have difficulties in estimating the speed of opposing vehicles?
Sight distance	Right angle collisions Single vehicle crashes	Are available sight distances sufficient to allow safe turning manoeuvres? observe/measure available sight distances and compare with required turning sight distances. At traffic signals check visibility of signal heads.
Road access	Access-related crashes	Are crashes related to manoeuvres at access points near the intersection? Is the presence of the access expected (visibility, road category)? Is access geometry adequate (width, channelization, additional lane)?

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: HEAD-ON WITH TURNING VEHICLE

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS	REFERENCES
Capacity	Add turning lane and channelization. Install all-way stops. Install traffic signals, add an exclusive turning phase. Prohibit turning manoeuvres. Change intersection into roundabout.	Technical sheet: Intersections
Protection Turning manoeuvres	Add turning lane and channelization. Pave shoulders. Prohibit turning manoeuvres.	Technical sheet: Intersections
Drivers’ behaviour	Install traffic signal with exclusive turning phases, increase the duration of change intervals (yellow, all red). Implement traffic-calming measures. Increase drivers’ education. Increase police enforcement.	Technical study: spot speed
Sight distance	Remove sight obstructions. Prohibit turning manoeuvres. Modify right-of-way rules (all-way stops, exclusive turning phases).	Technical sheet: Sight distance Technical study: Sight distance
Road access	Improve access visibility. Improve access geometry (width, channelization, merging/diverging lane). Prohibit some access-related manoeuvres (median barrier, traffic islands). Close/relocate access.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: INTERSECTION-RIGHT-ANGLE

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Capacity	Rear-end collisions	Are turning volumes heavy? Are through lanes blocked by turning vehicles? Is the intersection capacity adequate? calculate capacity, levels of service. check available gaps, delays, vehicle queues. are crashes occurring at rush hours? At traffic signals Is the signal timing adequate (length of each phase, necessity of an exclusive turning phase)? Is there an unusual signal sequence that may confuse drivers?
Sight distance	Rear-end collisions Single-vehicle crashes	Are available sight distances sufficient to allow safe manoeuvres? observe/measure available sight distances and compare with required sight distances. At traffic signals check visibility of signal heads.
Drivers’ behaviour	Rear-end collisions Head-on with turning vehicle	Check for short gap acceptance, red light running or excessive speed.
Road signs		Do road signs conform with standards (sequence, size, location, height)? Is the stop sign clearly visible? check for obstruction by parked or stopped vehicles, trees, stands etc.
Marking		Is the stop line clearly visible? Are vehicles stopped position safe?
Road width		Are manoeuvring difficulties increased by excessive lane or roadway width?
Turning radii		Excessive radii Check for the presence of wide turning radii that encourage incomplete stopping manoeuvres and excessive turning speeds. Insufficient radii Check for the presence of insufficient turning radii that force heavy vehicles to encroach in adjacent lanes.
Unexpected intersection	Rear-end collisions Single-vehicle crashes	Is the presence of the intersection likely to surprise drivers unfamiliar with the area? visibility and conspicuity of intersection, coherence of the intersection in the road environment, first mandatory stop after several kilometres, end of high-speed facility. check for excessive speeds, late braking, brake marks.
Weather conditions	Crashes under adverse conditions (rain, fog, etc.)	Plan the site visit when adverse conditions are likely to be observed.

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: INTERSECTION-RIGHT-ANGLE

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS	REFERENCES
Capacity	Install all-way stops. Install traffic signals, change timing. Add channelization (median refuge). Prohibit some manoeuvres. Change intersection into roundabout.	Technical sheet: Intersections
Sight distance	Install warning signs/devices. Remove sight obstructions (trees, parking spaces near the intersection, etc.). Prohibit turning manoeuvres. Modify right-of-way rules (all-way-stops, signal phasing). Improve signal lenses visibility (location, angle, visors, etc.).	Technical sheet: Sight distance Technical study: Sight distance
Drivers’ behaviour	Install advance-warning signs. Install traffic signals. Increase visibility of stop signs/signal lenses. Implement traffic-calming measures. Increase drivers’ education. Increase police enforcement. Install surveillance cameras.	Technical study: Spot speed
Road signs	Improve road signs.
Marking	Improve marking (e.g. stop lines).
Excessive road width	Reduce lane/road width (median refuge, other islands, marking). Install traffic signals, change timing.
Turning radii	Modify turning radii (channelize, improve marking). Modify lane widths.
Unexpected intersection	Increase intersection conspicuity: road signs, channelization, road lighting, landscaping. elimination of competing information (street parking, stand, advertising, etc.). Re-design intersection (e.g. roundabout). Close/relocate intersection.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: INTERSECTION- PEDESTRIAN/CYCLIST

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Insufficient protection		Do existing facilities provide adequate protection for pedestrians? crossing characteristics (location, width, median refuge material, road signs, markings). check pedestrian crossing times, delays, available crossing gaps. Traffic signals Is a traffic signal with an exclusive pedestrian phase required? Are pedestrian phases of adequate lengths? Have safety needs of all pedestrian categories been properly considered? baby carriages, children, elderly people, disabled persons, wheelchairs (e.g. low curbs, gentle slopes, handrails, etc.).
Sight distance		Are pedestrians and cyclists clearly visible when crossing? sight obstructions may be permanent (e.g. vertical curve, building), temporary (e.g. parked vehicle) or seasonal (e.g. vegetation, snow). Traffic signals Are pedestrian signal heads clearly visible to pedestrians (e.g. hidden by a stopped bus)?
Behaviour		Speed Are vehicle speeds compatible with pedestrian safety (based on crossing times, available sight distances)? Drivers of motorized vehicles Are drivers yielding to pedestrians and cyclists? Are drivers complying with traffic regulations (mandatory stops, red lights)? Pedestrians/cyclists Are pedestrians/cyclists crossing at designated locations? Are pedestrians/cyclists crossing at designated times (traffic signals)?
Road lighting	Nighttime crashes	Are pedestrian or cyclist crashes occurring at night? Check the presence and condition of the road lighting system (at night) Are pedestrian and cyclist facilities adequate for night usage (if required)?

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: INTERSECTION- PEDESTRIAN/CYCLIST

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS	REFERENCES
Insufficient protection	Add or improve crossing facilities, their location or their signing. Install traffic signals with an exclusive pedestrian phase. Provide grade-separated crossing. Provide adequate protection for particular pedestrian needs. (e.g. audible traffic signal for blind people).
Sight distance	Install warning signs/devices. Remove sight obstructions (e.g. relocate street parking). Relocate crossing. Change right-of-way rules. Improve signal lens visibility.	Technical sheet: Sight distance Technical study: Sight distance
Speed and other behaviour	Improve road signs. Increase separation between pedestrians/cyclists and motorized road users (exclusive phase, median refuge, grade-separated crossings barriers to guide pedestrians to designated crossings). Implement traffic-calming measures. Increase drivers’ education. Increase police enforcement. Install speed cameras.	Technical study: Spot speed
Road lighting	Install or improve road lighting.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: SECTION- SINGLE VEHICLE

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Horizontal alignment	Head-on collisions Wet-surface crashes	Is the horizontal curve clearly visible? Are significant speed reductions required when approaching the curve? [speed differentials] Are warning signs and devices adapted to road conditions (e.g. first sharp curve)? Check for late braking, brake marks, encroachments.
Vertical alignment	Crashes involving trucks Rear-end collision	Are grade characteristics obvious (e.g., compound grade)? Check for potential sources of traffic conflicts, particularly at hill bottom. Are warning signs and devices adapted to grade conditions? Is brake overheating possibility low? Is safety equipment adapted to hill features and traffic conditions (check brake area, arrester bed)? Do features of truck lanes allow safe traffic operation? (alignment, lane length, taper features) Are truck downhill speeds safe
Cross- section	Head-on collisions Sideswipe collisions	Is the general aspect of the road cross-section adequate for the road category and traffic conditions (e.g. too narrow lanes for heavy vehicles)? Are channelization features safe (curb height, alignment, end treatment). Is transition adequate at cross section change (divided/undivided, lane drop)? Are rumble strips provided if required? Check for encroachments, lane/shoulder drop-off.
Surface condition	Wet-surface crashes Rear-end collisions	Is skid resistance adequate? surface polishing, bleeding, contamination. Check for hazardous manoeuvres that may be related to avoidance manoeuvres of surface deficiencies (potholes, waves, other deformations, water accumulation).
Roadside conditions		Are roadsides free of features that may increase the severity of losses of control (e.g. steep side slopes, rigid obstacles, inadequate end treatment of structures).
Sight distance		Are available sight distances sufficient to allow safe stopping manoeuvres? observe/measure available sight distances and compare with required stopping sight distances. check for visual obstructions on interior side of curves. Check for sources of traffic conflicts or road hazards where sight is restricted (intersection, crossing, access, narrow structure, etc.).
Road access	Access-related collisions	Are crashes related to manoeuvres at accesses? Is the presence of access expected (visibility, road category)? Is access geometry adequate (width, channelization, merging/diverging lane)?
Speed	Head-on collisions	Are operating speeds compatible with safe traffic operation (based on road characteristics).
Road lighting	Nighttime crashes	Check the frequency of night crashes. Check the presence and condition of the road lighting system (at night).
Animals	Crashes with animals	Check the frequency of crashes with an animal.
Weather conditions	Crashes under adverse weather conditions (rain, fog, etc.)	Plan the site visit when adverse conditions are likely to be observed.
Combination of features		Is there a combination of features that may increase the crash risk or its severity (horizontal curve, hill, intersection, access, narrow bridge, etc.).

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: SECTION- SINGLE VEHICLE

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS	REFERENCES
Horizontal alignment	Improve warning signs/devices (marking, delineation). Improve geometry (superelevation, shoulders, skid resistance, roadside conditions, curve radius).	Technical sheet: Horizontal alignment
Vertical alignment	Improve warning signs/devices. Provide safety equipment (check brake area, arrester bed). Improve geometry (cross-section, roadside conditions, grade).	Technical sheet: Vertical alignment
Cross- section	Widen lane or shoulder width. Improve shoulder condition. Install channelization. Provide rumble strips
Surface condition	Proceed to superficial surface treatment (grooving, sand blasting, etc). Resurface. Improve drainage conditions. Correct structural deficiencies. Add warning sign (temporary measure).	Technical sheet: Road surface condition Technical study: Friction test
Roadside conditions	Improve roadside conditions (removal, displacement, protection or fragilization of fixed objects; side-slopes smoothing).
Sight distance	Install warning signs/devices. Improve sight distance. Eliminate traffic conflict possibilities where sight is restricted.	Technical sheet: Sight distance Technical study: Sight distance
Road access	Improve access geometry. Prohibit some access-related manoeuvres (median barrier, traffic island). Close/relocate access.
Speed	Improve visibility of speed limit signs. Implement traffic-calming measures. Increase drivers’ education. Increase police enforcement. Install surveillance cameras.	Technical study: Spot speed
Road lighting	Install or improve the road lighting system.
Animals	Install warning signs. Install fences, grade-separated crossings.
Weather conditions	Improve maintenance. Install warning signs (e.g. fog).

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: SECTION- REAR END

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Capacity		Is the capacity adequate? calculate capacity, levels of service. travel times, platoons. Are crashes occurring at peak hours? Turning movements Are through lanes blocked by turning vehicles?
Unexpected congestion	Multi-vehicle crashes	Plan the site visit when congestion is likely to be observed.
Road access	Access-related crashes	Are crashes related to manoeuvres at accesses? Is the presence of access expected (visibility, road category)? Is access geometry adequate (width, channelization, merging/diverging lane)?
Sight distance		Are available sight distances sufficient to allow safe stopping manoeuvres? observe/measure available sight distances and compare with required stopping sight distances. check for visual obstructions on interior side of curves. Check for sources of traffic conflicts or road hazards where sight is restricted (intersection, crossing, access, narrow structure, etc.).
Drivers’ behaviour	Single-vehicle crashes	Check for excessive speeds, tailgating, hazardous passing manoeuvres.
Surface condition	Wet-surface crash Rear-end collisions	Is skid resistance adequate? surface polishing, bleeding, contamination.
Weather conditions	Crashes under adverse weather conditions (rain, fog, etc.)	Plan the site visit when adverse conditions are likely to be observed.

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: SECTION- REAR END

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS	REFERENCES
Capacity	Add lane, channelization. Prohibit turning manoeuvres (median barrier). Promote alternative route or transportation solution (e.g. transit).	Technical study: Travel time
Unexpected congestion	Install active warning signs/devices. Reduce congestion (through geometric improvements or traffic management). Increase police surveillance.
Road access	Improve access geometry (merging/diverging lane). Prohibit some access-related manoeuvres (median barrier, traffic islands). Close/relocate accesses
Sight distance	Install warning signs/devices. Improve sight distance. Prohibit turning manoeuvres where sight is restricted.	Technical sheet: Sight distance Technical study: Sight distance
Drivers’ behaviour	Increase visibility of speed-limit signs. Implement traffic-calming measures. Increase drivers’ education. Increase police enforcement. Install surveillance cameras.	Technical study: Spot speed
Surface condition	Proceed to superficial surface treatment (grooving, sand blasting, etc). Resurface. Improve drainage conditions. Correct structural deficiencies. Add warning sign (temporary measure).	Technical sheet: Road surface condition Technical study: Friction
Weather conditions	Improve maintenance. Install warning signs (e.g. fog)

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: SECTION-HEAD ON

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Capacity	Single-vehicle crashes	Is the capacity adequate? calculate capacity, levels of service. travel times, platoons. are crashes occurring at rush hours? Passing opportunities Check whether passing opportunities are sufficient based on road category and traffic conditions (opposing direction gaps, passing lane).
Marking	Sideswipe collisions	Is the centre line clearly marked? Does marking clearly prohibit passing if hazardous? Is the marking clearly visible under all conditions (night, rain, sunset or sunrise, winter).
Cross- section	Head-on collisions Sideswipe collisions	Is the general aspect of the cross-section adequate for the road category and the traffic conditions (e.g. too-narrow lanes for heavy vehicles)? Are channelization features safe (curb height, alignment, end treatment)? Are rumble strips provided if required? Is transition adequate at cross-section changes (divided/undivided, lane drop)? check for encroachments, lane/shoulder drop-off. Climbing lane Are features of auxiliary lanes allowing safe traffic operation (length, taper)?
Surface condition	Sideswipe collisions	Check for hazardous manoeuvres that may be related to surface deficiencies (potholes, waves, water accumulation, etc.).
Drivers’ behaviour		Check for hazardous passing manoeuvres.
Weather conditions	Crashes under adverse weather conditions (rain, fog, etc.)	Plan the site visit when adverse conditions are likely to be observed.

POSSIBLES ACTIONS: SECTION-HEAD ON

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS	REFERENCES
Capacity	Add a traffic lane (or passing lane). Prohibit passing manoeuvres (marking, median barrier). Improve road signs (distance to the next passing lane). Promote alternative routes or transportation solution (e.g. transit).	Technical sheet: Horizontal alignment Technical sheet: Vertical alignment
Marking	Improve marking.
Cross- section	Widen lanes or shoulders. Improve shoulder condition. Add channelization. Provide rumble strips.
Surface condition	Proceed to superficial surface treatment (grooving, sandblasting, etc.) Resurface. Improve drainage conditions. Correct surface deficiencies. Add warning sign (temporary measure).	Technical sheet: Road surface condition Technical study: Friction
Drivers’ behaviour	Improve road signs. Increase drivers’ education. Increase police enforcement. Install surveillance cameras.	Technical study: Spot speed
Weather conditions	Improve maintenance. Install warning signs (e.g. fog)

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: SECTION - PEDESTRIAN/CYCLIST

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Insufficient protection		Are existing facilities providing adequate protection for pedestrians and cyclists? on high-speed roads, pedestrians/cyclists should be clearly separated from motorized traffic. Have safety needs of all pedestrian categories been properly considered (baby carriages, children, elderly people, disabled persons, wheelchairs)?
Coherence		Is the continuity of pedestrian/cyclist facilities provided along their routes? Are pedestrian/cyclist crossings located at the right place (based on their itineraries)? (see also Intersection - Pedestrian/cyclist)
Illegal use of pedestrian facilities		Have adequate measures been taken to avoid illegal use of pedestrian or cyclist facilities (parked vehicles, stands, other obstacles)?
Behaviour		Are pedestrians using their facilities?
Visibility		Are pedestrians/cyclists clearly visible?
Road lighting	Nighttime crashes	Check the frequency of night crashes. Check the presence and condition of the road lighting system (at night). Are pedestrian and cyclist facilities adequate for night usage (if required)?

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: SECTION - PEDESTRIAN/CYCLIST

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS
Insufficient protection	Provide footways, bicycle paths. Increase lateral offset of pedestrian/cyclist facilities. Install physical barriers between motorized and non-motorized traffic. Implement traffic-calming measures. At crossings: see Intersections - pedestrians/cyclists.
Coherence	Ensure continuity of pedestrian/cyclist facilities along their itineraries. Relocate crossings based on pedestrian (cyclist routes)
Illegal use of pedestrian facilities	Add parking prohibition signs. Provide barriers between pedestrians/cyclists and motorized vehicles. Modify traffic regulations. Increase police enforcement.
Behaviour	Increase driver/pedestrian/cyclist education. Increase police enforcement.
Visibility	Remove sight obstructions (e.g. parking along the road). Install warning signs/devices.
Road lighting	Install or improve road lighting

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: GENERAL - NIGHT

FACTORS	OTHER CRASH TYPES	OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS
Road lighting		Check for the presence and condition of the road lighting system.
Road sign Marking		Are signs and marking retro-reflectivity adequate at night?
Behaviour		Check for excessive speeds, compliance with traffic rules.

The site visit should be conducted at night

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: GENERAL - NIGHT

FACTORS	POSSIBLE ACTIONS
Road lighting	Install or improve road lighting.
Road sign Marking	Improve road signs/markings.
Behaviour	Increase drivers’ education. Increase police enforcement.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: GENERAL - WET SURFACE

FACTORS

OTHER CRASH TYPES

OBSERVATIONS/MEASURES/CALCULATIONS

Surface condition

Rear-end collisions

Is skid resistance adequate?

surface polishing, bleeding, contamination.

Excessive speed

Rear-end collisions Single-vehicle crashes

Are operating speeds compatible with safe traffic operation (based on road characteristics and traffic conditions)?

POSSIBLE ACTIONS: GENERAL - WET SURFACE

FACTORS

POSSIBLE ACTIONS

REFERENCES

Surface condition

Proceed to superficial surface treatments (grooving, sand blasting, etc).

Resurface.

Improve drainage conditions.

Correct structural deficiencies.

Add warning sign (temporary measure).

Technical sheet: Road surface condition

Technical study: Friction